The joint association of sarcopenia and frailty with incidence and mortality health outcomes: A prospective study

Background Sarcopenia and frailty are strongly associated with disease incidence mortality. However, there is limited evidence regarding their joint association health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the of sarcopenia cardiovascular (CVD), respiratory cancer mortality as well all-cause in middle-aged older adults UK Biobank study. Methods 316,980 participants were included this prospective (53.1% women). was defined according EWGSOP2 2019. Frailty using a modified version Fried criteria. Combined classifications generated following seven subgroups derived: i) normal, ii) non-sarcopenic/pre-frail, iii) non-sarcopenic/frail, iv) pre-sarcopenic/pre-frail, v) pre-sarcopenic/frail, vi) sarcopenic/pre-frail, vii) sarcopenic/frail. No had (pre)sarcopenia but not frailty. Associations between these exposures outcomes (incidence from diseases, cancer, as, mortality) investigated Cox-proportional hazard models. Results 51.7% sarcopenic nor frail (normal), 41.3% pre-frail or frail, 6.5% pre-sarcopenia (including pre-frail) 0.5% having both pre-frailty). The combination sarcopenic/frail showed strongest CVD (HR: 1.68 [95% CI: 1.22 2.30]) 1.77 1.40 2.24]) for 2.27 1.64 3.13]), 3.50 1.97 6.23]), 1.92 1.08 3.38]). Finally, when we associations by age groups (≥and <60 years), identified that, many categories, higher younger individuals compared adults. Conclusion Our findings indicate that different combinations adverse outcomes, highlighting conditions. those cancer.